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What Is a Tower Crane?
A Tower Crane is a machine that is used to lift and move heavy loads, machines, materials, and goods for a variety of purposes. They are used in all different sectors of industry, from construction to manufacturing to shipbuilding and material loading. Cranes are common along skylines as they are necessary to build the skyscrapers we so often see in our cities today.
The Basic Components of the Tower Crane
- Boom
- Jib
- Rotex Gear
- Outriggers
- Counterweights
- Reinforced-steel cable
- Hook
The Boom
The boom is the most recognizable part of a crane. The boom is a long arm that can either be telescopic or fixed. They take on a variety of roles depending on the type of crane and how it is built. They are able to work without jibs and are sometimes the main component on a crane.
The Jib
The jib of a crane is the lattice-type structure attached to the end of the boom. Using a lattice-type build helps to reduce the weight it adds to the front of the boom. It is fixed in length and cannot be extended or retracted like a boom can. Some versions of mobile cranes have a jib fixed to the end of the boom to help move and lift materials.
The Rotex Gear
The Rotex gear is the mechanism below the cab of the crane. It allows the cab and boom to rotate left and right. A simple movement, but incredibly important for the function of the machine.
Counterweights
The name “counterweight” pretty much describes the purpose of them: to counter the weight on the front of the crane while lifting material to prevent tipping. They help add stability to the machine and generally increase stability.
Outriggers
Outriggers may be one of the most important factors for crane safety. The function of an outrigger is to supply additional support. The purpose of an outrigger is to distribute the load of the crane over a large enough area so that the crane itself doesn’t tip over or become unstable. All outriggers should either meet or exceed the weight requirements of a crane or job.
Reinforced-Steel Cable
In order for cranes to actually lift and move material, they require some kind of line or rope to do the actual lifting. In the case of cranes, this material is a reinforced steel cable. Steel ropes were first used for mining hoists in the 1830s. The wires used today are highly reinforced, resistant to corrosion, absorb any movement or force, and have extremely high breaking points.
The Hook
Finally, the crane must have some way for materials to be attached to it. The most typical way this is done is through a hook. The lifting hook on cranes is usually equipped with a safety latch to prevent the material from slipping off the hook in transit.
The History of Tower Crane
Cranes originate back to the 500 B.C era of the ancient Greeks. According to archaeological findings of lifting tongs and lewis irons in stones, it was no later than 515BC when cranes were being used to build Greek temples. Some researchers date the crane back even further – as far as 700 – 650 B.C.
Safe Operation of Tower Crane
Crane operation safety is unique to other pieces of equipment because the machine itself isn’t moving. With tractors, dozers, and backhoes, the machine is moving around, driving around people, and carrying equipment with a driver responsible for checking all blind spots and using proper signals.
With cranes, the operator is in a fixed position and it is the material itself that is moving. Safe operations of and around cranes depend just as much on the operator as it does for those on the ground. While the operator needs to use best practices for lifting and moving materials, contractors should stay a safe distance away from the loads, heed the warning about moving materials, and communicate property with the operator.
